https://pgxrc.ca/contact-us daily 0.75 2021-12-09 https://pgxrc.ca/current-team daily 0.75 2025-07-10 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5ea61e3acbf61063d1336fd2/1604002486281-3DN98VUCUCS9UJCBJYG2/daniel_mueller-2-01.png Current Team Dr. Daniel Mueller, MD PhD Principal Investigator https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5ea61e3acbf61063d1336fd2/1620413102421-J13VHLWEMPJQGO9Y3K4F/samar-01-01.png Current Team Eleanor Liu, BSc Research Assistant https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5ea61e3acbf61063d1336fd2/1632172875300-VJ2JO7KKSURI7ZMPHKT1/ilona_gorbovskaya-01.png Current Team Ilona Gorbovskaya, MSc Research Manager https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5ea61e3acbf61063d1336fd2/b82c7675-d09a-4028-b018-2104efb9212b/generic_avatar-01.png Current Team Samar Elsheikh, PhD Postdoctoral Fellow https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5ea61e3acbf61063d1336fd2/1604607277563-ZN46BGGY43KAGTULSFQR/leen_circle-01.png Current Team Emytis Tavakoli, MD Clinical Fellow https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5ea61e3acbf61063d1336fd2/23729701-3cc5-4251-8305-49289d35e3f5/Jonathan+Liu.jpg Current Team - Make it stand out Whatever it is, the way you tell your story online can make all the difference. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5ea61e3acbf61063d1336fd2/8a5c0d62-25a1-4c34-a693-d7c2b236bf44/Betsy+profile.jpg Current Team - Make it stand out Whatever it is, the way you tell your story online can make all the difference. https://pgxrc.ca/daniel-mueller daily 0.75 2021-02-18 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5ea61e3acbf61063d1336fd2/1605206524144-S3O4HSYIZS8SS61473XE/daniel_mueller-2-01.jpg Dr. Daniel Mueller - Dr. Daniel Mueller, MD PhD Principal Investigator, Clinician-Scientist Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology | University of Toronto Department of Psychiatry | University of Toronto Institute of Medical Science | University of Toronto Molecular Brain Science | CAMH Dr. Mueller is Head of the Pharmacogenetics Research Clinic at CAMH which is one of the first of its kind worldwide to implement pharmacogenetics in clinical practice for antidepressant and antipsychotic medications. Dr. Mueller is actively involved in developing pharmacogenetics treatment recommendations for physicians and patients through his close collaboration with international organizations such as the Clinical Pharmacogenetics Implementation Consortium (CPIC), the International Society of Psychiatric Genetics (ISPG) and the Pharmacogenetics Research Network (PGRN). Dr. Mueller earned his MD at the University of Bonn (Germany) and completed his residency training at the Charité University Clinic in Berlin. He has then been appointed as a Professor at the University of Toronto (Departments of Psychiatry and Pharmacology & Toxicology) and a Clinician Scientist at the Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH) in Toronto since 2008. Throughout his career, Dr. Mueller’s research goals have been to investigate genetic causes of response and side effects to psychiatric medications on which he published more than 200 articles. This line of research aims to significantly improve the treatment of psychiatric conditions and to lessen the burden of medication side effects and avoid adverse drug-drug interactions. He has received international recognition for his contributions and was awarded the Michael Smith Prize for Research in Schizophrenia by the Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR, 2010), the Klerman Prize for Exceptional Research in Clinical Brain and Behaviour Science (Honorable Mention) by the Brain and Behaviour Research Foundation (NARSAD, 2013), the Innovation in Psychopharmacology Award by the Canadian College of Neuropsychopharmacology in 2016 and the Personalized Medicine Research Award by the German Psychiatric Association (DGPPN) in 2019. Follow Dr. Mueller on Twitter (see also #PGxRC) and Google Scholar! For publications, see our research. https://pgxrc.ca/ilona-gorbovskaya daily 0.75 2021-09-20 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5ea61e3acbf61063d1336fd2/1632172875300-VJ2JO7KKSURI7ZMPHKT1/ilona_gorbovskaya-01.png Ilona Gorbovskaya - Ilona Gorbovskaya, MSc Research Manager Institute of Medical Science | University of Toronto Ilona received her MSc in Forensic Mental Health Research at King’s College London, UK and is currently pursuing a PhD in Medical Science at the University of Toronto. As a part of her PhD project, Ilona is investigating trait-based biomarkers of personality psychopathology with a primary focus on the traits which capture the phenotypic expression of Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD) and Antisocial Personality Disorders (ASPD). Ilona has been working at the Pharmacogenetics Research Clinic since 2016, where among many other things, she is responsible for setting up and conducting numerous research projects, including large multi-site clinical trials https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5ea61e3acbf61063d1336fd2/1605207492057-CQWN2I8QRRGZM04KTMAB/image.jpg Ilona Gorbovskaya - Pharmacogenetics of Opioid Overdose Pharmacogenetics of Opiod Overdose https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5ea61e3acbf61063d1336fd2/1605207306399-XD5C6RQ9S1L4NN1ETDFL/doctor-giving-medical-prescription.jpg Ilona Gorbovskaya - Antidepressant Response in Adults Antidepressant Response in Adults https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5ea61e3acbf61063d1336fd2/1605206757922-R2N33ZBJC28Q97OTAO0R/image-asset.jpeg Ilona Gorbovskaya - Antipsychotics and the Gut Microbiome Antipsychotic Response and the Gut Microbiome https://pgxrc.ca/celeste-agard daily 0.75 2022-08-26 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5ea61e3acbf61063d1336fd2/1604607129857-EJV34DW1MNMS4NI6M4QR/celeste-01.png Celeste Agard - Dr. Kazunari Yoshida Post-doctoral Fellow Azrieli Adult Neurodevelopmental Centre, CAMH Department of Neuropsychiatry, Keio University https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5ea61e3acbf61063d1336fd2/1605207306399-XD5C6RQ9S1L4NN1ETDFL/doctor-giving-medical-prescription.jpg Celeste Agard - Biomarkers for Antidepressant Response https://pgxrc.ca/patient-testimonials daily 0.75 2021-07-16 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5ea61e3acbf61063d1336fd2/1626453601232-XY1FXPEG737O9YOF1RM4/unsplash-image-VL9ugqp_mko.jpg Patient Testimonials - My Journey to the Find the Right Medication “After trying several medications while living abroad, I was put on Agomelatine, which was successful for some time. Within a year, I had moved back to Canada, where Agomelatine was unavailable. Again, I tried a few medications that had horrible side effects. I was at the end of my rope in terms of solutions. I couldn’t imagine going through another ‘trial and error process where I’d essentially be shooting in the dark, hoping for a positive result, if any. Given my genetic profile, the test report eliminated most medications for me, leaving a list of two options, one of which I’d tried before. I tried the last option on the list, Desvenlafaxine, which finally worked. Though it had some side effects, they were bearable this time. I noticed an improvement in my mood very quickly, and within six months, I was a new person. Finally! Suppose this had been made available to me earlier on in my battle with depression. In that case, I could have saved myself months of physical side effects and feelings of hopelessness. I think every patient should have access to this testing as I genuinely believe it saved me. In terms of future outlook, it would be helpful to have access to my health results and records, as I’ve struggled to remember dates, medications and so on when moving doctors and living abroad. I am therefore welcoming Dr. Mueller’s new efforts to develop new patient portals to access electronic medical records, including genetic testing results.” - Our Patient https://pgxrc.ca/support daily 0.75 2020-12-17 https://pgxrc.ca/welcome daily 1.0 2025-07-10 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5ea61e3acbf61063d1336fd2/1604785508459-S3UE7XN0G97V5C24O4YS/icons-05.png Welcome https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5ea61e3acbf61063d1336fd2/1604785522863-T0V8Z9XJOV0Z0BHXJIKL/icons-01.png Welcome https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5ea61e3acbf61063d1336fd2/1604785540404-XRSK41I3ORR25X95WC57/icons-02.png Welcome https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5ea61e3acbf61063d1336fd2/1604785490878-TCOFIF99ULG56GZVGEHJ/icons-04.png Welcome https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5ea61e3acbf61063d1336fd2/1605821141443-Q5CNTR9MEHXNNMXU2UV3/daniel_mueller-2-02.png Welcome - Dr. Daniel Mueller, MD PhD Dr. Mueller is Head of the Pharmacogenetics Research Clinic at CAMH which is one of the first of its kind worldwide to implement pharmacogenetics in clinical practice for antidepressant and antipsychotic medications. Dr. Mueller is actively involved in developing pharmacogenetics treatment recommendations for physicians and patients through his close collaboration with international organizations such as the Clinical Pharmacogenetics Implementation Consortium (CPIC), the International Society of Psychiatric Genetics (ISPG) and the Pharmacogenetics Research Network (PGRN). https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5ea61e3acbf61063d1336fd2/813ebb0c-cf61-4ff5-b0c0-2f8ec42553de/2024+ACMG+pic.jpg Welcome - Make it stand out Pharmacogenetics for Psychiatric Disorders: From bench to bedside https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5ea61e3acbf61063d1336fd2/66f08c20-cff6-4a7a-ab67-54a6771ebfd8/APA+pic.jpg Welcome - Make it stand out Precision Prescirbing in Psychiatry using Pharmacogenomics https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5ea61e3acbf61063d1336fd2/55256aaf-0fea-4a34-aab6-10165878b3b0/Farhana+S-AE+publication+image.jpeg Welcome - Mar 2024 Influence of CYP2C19, CYP2D6, and ABCB1 Gene Variants and Serum Levels of Escitalopram and Aripiprazole on Treatment-Emergent Sexual Dysfunction: A Canadian Biomarker Integration Network in Depression 1 (CAN-BIND 1) Study Islam F, Magarbeh L, Elsheikh SSM, Kloiber S, Espinola CW, Bhat V, Frey BN, Milev R, Soares CN, Parikh SV, Placenza F, Hassel S, Taylor VH, Leri F, Blier P, Uher R, Farzan F, Lam RW, Turecki G, Foster JA, Rotzinger S, Kennedy SH & Müller DJ. Read more… https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5ea61e3acbf61063d1336fd2/4df145c0-509f-4e32-bcc0-f4529a116f6d/Samar+paper.png Welcome - Nov 2024 Polygenic score analyses on antidepressant response in late-life depression, results from the IRL-GRey study Elsheikh SSM, Marshe VS, Men X, Islam F, Gonçalves VF, Paré G, Felsky D, Kennedy JL, Mulsant BH, Reynolds CF 3rd, Lenze EJ, Müller DJ. Read more… https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5ea61e3acbf61063d1336fd2/a46ad7d4-7054-451d-96c1-2d9b679a84ed/Betsy+CYP2D6+PK+model+publication+image.jpg Welcome - May 2024 CYP2D6 Phenotype Influences Pharmacokinetic Parameters of Venlafaxine: Results from a Population Pharmacokinetic Model in Older Adults with Depression Men X, Taylor ZL, Marshe VS, Blumberger DM, Karp JF, Kennedy JL, Lenze EJ, Reynolds CF 3rd, Stefan C, Mulsant BH, Ramsey LB & Müller DJ. Read more… https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5ea61e3acbf61063d1336fd2/cea837e6-4ffa-4df1-8389-a39ed179866f/Leen+paper.jpg Welcome - July 2025 Polygenic Risk Score Analysis of Antidepressant Treatment Outcomes: A CAN-BIND-1 Study Report Magarbeh L, Elsheikh SSM, Islam F, Marshe VS, Men X, Tavakoli E, Kronenbuerger M, Kloiber S, Frey BN, Milev R, Soares CN, Parikh SV, Placenza F, Hassel S, Taylor VH, Leri F, Blier P, Uher R, Farzan F, Lam RW, Turecki G, Foster JA, Rotzinger S, Kennedy SH, Müller DJ. Read more… https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5ea61e3acbf61063d1336fd2/1604788540102-9IYKX1W4AO58BC8OUIHJ/logos-07.png Welcome CAMH https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5ea61e3acbf61063d1336fd2/1604788538741-M0SS75HVNRKI4Y7NMJUU/logos-02.png Welcome https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5ea61e3acbf61063d1336fd2/1604788540745-6776Y2YMO9U3ZAAZEP9B/logos-09.png Welcome https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5ea61e3acbf61063d1336fd2/1604788539640-5J3214LRW5OX3XV8Z8JG/logos-01.png Welcome https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5ea61e3acbf61063d1336fd2/1604788539210-QHLELUUQHG0S3OGIVVU0/logos-03.png Welcome https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5ea61e3acbf61063d1336fd2/1604788540158-WI952I2RW4I8H5UJSQ4O/logos-04.png Welcome https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5ea61e3acbf61063d1336fd2/1604788538810-RDGASA8KZJREZ2DYCWJC/logos-06.png Welcome https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5ea61e3acbf61063d1336fd2/1604788539963-4FMR3WLVIVU9QUFK58IV/logos-05.png Welcome https://pgxrc.ca/alumni daily 0.75 2025-07-11 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5ea61e3acbf61063d1336fd2/1605659488162-D06P14QEDWP2KVCMLZRM/alumni-02.png Alumni https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5ea61e3acbf61063d1336fd2/8f92ef38-3939-4d95-8e99-24216066009e/IMG-2869.jpg Alumni - Make it stand out Whatever it is, the way you tell your story online can make all the difference. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5ea61e3acbf61063d1336fd2/1605659437854-JBXRJV363A169KTR6Y13/alumni-09.png Alumni https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5ea61e3acbf61063d1336fd2/1605659503890-WY6EE38U0Q3HPE4X44EP/alumni-03.png Alumni https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5ea61e3acbf61063d1336fd2/d34595ab-3ae1-4c37-9f74-7f9439738c90/kazu_circle-01.jpg Alumni - Make it stand out Whatever it is, the way you tell your story online can make all the difference. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5ea61e3acbf61063d1336fd2/1605659452785-TS9QKXF8E78RAFZX6AYE/alum-01.jpg Alumni https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5ea61e3acbf61063d1336fd2/1605659465553-4LMYW5XTGGBM2NME89XA/alumni-05.png Alumni https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5ea61e3acbf61063d1336fd2/1604607170454-PZA2N328IP94XSC6GNKN/victoria_circle-01.png Alumni - Make it stand out Whatever it is, the way you tell your story online can make all the difference. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5ea61e3acbf61063d1336fd2/1624470317931-J95D15SE3LFHMAAGCWKJ/arth%2Bchinna-meyyappan-upload-01.jpg Alumni - Make it stand out Whatever it is, the way you tell your story online can make all the difference. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5ea61e3acbf61063d1336fd2/1603985576982-ZJEKWXW1613I0F3U2U3Z/farhana_islam.jpg Alumni - Make it stand out Whatever it is, the way you tell your story online can make all the difference. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5ea61e3acbf61063d1336fd2/1605659603456-6SC32YAXW9OOK8ZY85HY/alumni-01.png Alumni https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5ea61e3acbf61063d1336fd2/1605659586831-58LUTDI0USPJATNRRXOJ/alumni-04.png Alumni - Trehani M. Fonseka https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5ea61e3acbf61063d1336fd2/1606426601856-T29BMP4YYGJHPC18QWIV/generic_avatar-01.png Alumni https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5ea61e3acbf61063d1336fd2/1605655887741-D78PBG9QZ4CYGDB33531/generic_avatar-01.png Alumni https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5ea61e3acbf61063d1336fd2/1606426601856-T29BMP4YYGJHPC18QWIV/generic_avatar-01.png Alumni Nina Carlier https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5ea61e3acbf61063d1336fd2/1605655887741-D78PBG9QZ4CYGDB33531/generic_avatar-01.png Alumni Tessa J. M. 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This is a biological compound comprised of live microbes that normally reside in the human gut of a healthy individual. This randomized control trial with placebo will aim to measure the effects of MET-2 on symptoms of depression and anxiety using baseline and post-treatment scores to measure changes in symptom presentation. This will be accomplished by assessing subjective changes in mood and anxiety symptoms biweekly for eight weeks, from baseline, to after completion of MET-2 treatment in participants with depression, using the MADRS, HAM-A, and other mood and anxiety scales. Changes in metabolic levels and functioning before, during, and after treatment will also be assessed, along with potential correlation between early life stress (history of emotional/physical/sexual abuse, etc.), changes in Major Depressive Disorder, and response to treatment. https://pgxrc.ca/genomics-and-machine-learning daily 0.75 2025-07-11 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5ea61e3acbf61063d1336fd2/1605842199095-D5QTR1MFW2RMLF8IS9MF/fig4.PNG Genomics & Machine Learning pipeR: An Automated Pipeline for Predictive Modelling using Genome-wide Data (v.0.0.0.9070) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5ea61e3acbf61063d1336fd2/1605841828197-ZF69B0JFHYVGR1QVLOWY/fig2.PNG Genomics & Machine Learning https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5ea61e3acbf61063d1336fd2/1605841814151-ELH51TCE06J61PJ0ISE0/fig1.PNG Genomics & Machine Learning https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5ea61e3acbf61063d1336fd2/1605841845938-HGAIH2U8G1BQ1DBJWCM5/fig3.PNG Genomics & Machine Learning https://pgxrc.ca/plasma-levels daily 0.75 2025-07-11 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5ea61e3acbf61063d1336fd2/a46ad7d4-7054-451d-96c1-2d9b679a84ed/Betsy+CYP2D6+PK+model+publication+image.jpg Genetics of Drug Plasma Levels This is another study where we improved upon a published population pharmacokinetic (PK) model for venlafaxine (VEN) in the treatment of depression in older adults (N=325). At both lower doses (up to 150 mg/day) and higher doses (up to 300 mg/day), CYP2D6 metabolizers impacted PK model-estimated VEN clearance, VEN exposure, and active moiety (VEN + its active metabolite O-desmethylvenlafaxine) exposure. Specifically, compared with CYP2D6 normal metabolizers, (i) CYP2D6 ultra-rapid metabolizers had higher VEN clearance; (ii) CYP2D6 intermediate metabolizers had lower VEN clearance; (iii) CYP2D6 poor metabolizers had lower VEN clearance, higher VEN exposure, and higher active moiety exposure. Overall, our study showed that including a pharmacogenetic factor in a population PK model could increase model fit, and this improved model demonstrated how CYP2D6 metabolizer status affected VEN-related PK parameters, highlighting the importance of genetic factors in personalized medicine. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5ea61e3acbf61063d1336fd2/1605840980953-RFVUMTX6GUGHYYNLU7Z2/symptom+improvement2.PNG Genetics of Drug Plasma Levels https://pgxrc.ca/pharmacogenetics-of-opioid-overdose daily 0.75 2025-07-11 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5ea61e3acbf61063d1336fd2/1605057157617-NNI372DJWAJVS0Q221UT/opiod-01.png PGx of Opioids https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5ea61e3acbf61063d1336fd2/1604788539963-4FMR3WLVIVU9QUFK58IV/logos-05.png PGx of Opioids https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5ea61e3acbf61063d1336fd2/1605059858432-E3MHZ3GBO3U3IQV2G8AX/opiod-02.png PGx of Opioids https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5ea61e3acbf61063d1336fd2/1604788540102-9IYKX1W4AO58BC8OUIHJ/logos-07.png PGx of Opioids https://pgxrc.ca/antipsychotic-induced-weight-gain daily 0.75 2025-07-11 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5ea61e3acbf61063d1336fd2/1604958138822-5I6LCL5M08HIUECZOQ1X/aiwg-content-2_orig.png Antipsychotic-Induced Weight Gain Populations: Samples deriving from various projects will be combined to create a sample of well-characterized adults (n > 5,000) and children from the US, Canada and Europe, treated with antipsychotic medications. An important facet of our study is that we will include a large number of first episode patients who have not previously been exposed to antipsychotics. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5ea61e3acbf61063d1336fd2/1605061980099-9MOMRNL45HO9ZZM4Y8SW/aiwg-01.png Antipsychotic-Induced Weight Gain - Figure 1: Exemplary genetic risk model for AIWG prediction 1A. Conduct a GWAS in a large combined sample of AIWG. To this end, we will run genome-wide association using linear mixed models corrected for: duration of prior treatment, drugs used and principal components from ancestry investigations. Additionally, we will conduct secondary exploratory analyses in ethnic subgroups (e.g., African-Americans) and pediatric populations, which are less studied in AIWG. 1B. Pathway analysis and variant prioritization. To better understand the biological mechanisms that underlie AIWG, we will perform pathway analysis, followed by prioritization of genes based on gene expression and reported GWAS hits to define genomic regions of interest for AIWG. 2. Develop a genetic risk model for AIWG prediction incorporating our identified susceptibility variants. For this step, an individual risk prediction for AIWG will be generated using identified risk genes from 1 and investigated in replication samples. By using Machine Learning algorithms, we will combine significant risk variants, gene-gene interactions, gene-environment interactions, clinical and demographic risk factors into proposed model. (See Figure 1 as exemplary and preliminary model). https://pgxrc.ca/opportunities daily 0.75 2023-08-21 https://pgxrc.ca/pharmacogenetics-for-adults-with-asd-id daily 0.75 2025-07-11 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5ea61e3acbf61063d1336fd2/1605672329459-DLL7FFCSSDAE0S5ZXYNL/fig1.PNG Pharmacogenetics for Adults with Autism Spectrum Disorder https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5ea61e3acbf61063d1336fd2/1605672240618-FFO4HBSN5L0R3K6JTYT8/table1.PNG Pharmacogenetics for Adults with Autism Spectrum Disorder https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5ea61e3acbf61063d1336fd2/1605672291134-8UDJYI2Q1SHJ44M4A016/table2.PNG Pharmacogenetics for Adults with Autism Spectrum Disorder https://pgxrc.ca/core-pillars-and-values daily 0.75 2021-09-19 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5ea61e3acbf61063d1336fd2/1614278387343-JMRIYDTJY1NSZSEU67SG/pillars_icons-05.png Core Pillars and Values ADVOCACY. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5ea61e3acbf61063d1336fd2/1614278328171-QF7YLCZTAA1LN29V2AEM/pillars_icons-02.png Core Pillars and Values TRAINING. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5ea61e3acbf61063d1336fd2/1614278349048-5MOZM9IFGXI6SLT1Y3VU/pillars_icons-03.png Core Pillars and Values TEAMWORK. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5ea61e3acbf61063d1336fd2/1614278369506-V2J94BYFAVXIOETO2SL4/pillars_icons-04.png Core Pillars and Values EMPOWEREMENT. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5ea61e3acbf61063d1336fd2/1614278309640-NQUF266WT10RICPEASZ0/pillars_icons-01.png Core Pillars and Values RESEARCH. https://pgxrc.ca/genomics-of-antidepressant-response daily 0.75 2025-07-11 https://pgxrc.ca/experiences daily 0.75 2023-08-21 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5ea61e3acbf61063d1336fd2/40ea959a-50d6-4de6-92d8-5f23a9af7eb5/PGxRC+Holiday+Card.png Experiences - Wishing everyone, Happy Holidays! After a long 2020 year, our group came together to enjoy some holiday spirit and games. We’re looking forward to an exciting https://pgxrc.ca/kazunari-yoshida daily 0.75 2023-08-21 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5ea61e3acbf61063d1336fd2/1604607228264-VS886STST2D2JJ8PE7LI/kazu_circle-01.png Dr. Kazunari Yoshida - Dr. Kazunari Yoshida, MD PhD Psychiatrist, Postdoctoral Fellow Azrieli Adult Neurodevelopmental Centre | CAMH Department of Neuropsychiatry | Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan Dr. Kazunari Yoshida received his MD from Tokushima University, Japan, in 2007, and his PhD from the Keio University School of Medicine, Japan, in 2017, respectively. He has been performing a series of clinical trials, focusing on optimal psychotropic treatment for psychiatric disorders. Since joining Pharmacogenetics Research Clinic at CAMH as a postdoctoral research fellow, he has specialized in pharmacogenetics and clinical psychopharmacology in psychiatric conditions including schizophrenia, and adults with autism spectrum disorder and intellectual disability. Dr. Yoshida aims to identify genetic factors that predict response to psychotropic medications, including antipsychotic and antidepressant medications, which can ultimately optimize pharmacological treatment in these populations. Follow Dr. Yoshida on ResearchGate, LinkedIn, and Twitter! https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5ea61e3acbf61063d1336fd2/1605219626380-YLGS3CBNFFPIFSOG9HWM/image.jpg Dr. Kazunari Yoshida - Pharmacogenetics in Adults with ASD/ID Antidepressant Response in Adults https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5ea61e3acbf61063d1336fd2/1605219400616-HISKIGO6FS7S45NT0BYX/image.jpg Dr. Kazunari Yoshida - Antipsychotic-Induced Weight Gain Pharmacogenetics of Opiod Overdose https://pgxrc.ca/leen-magarbeh daily 0.75 2025-07-09 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5ea61e3acbf61063d1336fd2/1604607277563-ZN46BGGY43KAGTULSFQR/leen_circle-01.png Leen Magarbeh - Leen Magarbeh, MSc PhD Candidate Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology | University of Toronto Leen is a PhD candidate at University of Toronto and working with Dr. Mueller’s research team at CAMH to implement pharmacogenetics for the better treatment of neuropsychiatric disorders. She is formerly a Clinical Pharmacist from Jordan. Leen hold a master’s degree in Clinical Pharmacy, where she conducted pharmacokinetic analysis of plasma probe drugs of CYP450 enzymes and genetic analysis of tissue mRNA. Leen joined CAMH in 2019 and now aims to enhance her knowledge of genetic polymorphisms and their contributions to mental disorders. Currently, she is working on her thesis project which is to investigate selected genetic variants and their association with outcomes to opioids and antidepressant treatment. Leen’s overarching aim is to develop an understanding of how pharmacogenetics can be employed to improve clinical practice guidelines. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5ea61e3acbf61063d1336fd2/1605207306399-XD5C6RQ9S1L4NN1ETDFL/doctor-giving-medical-prescription.jpg Leen Magarbeh - Antidepressant Response in Adults Antidepressant Response in Adults https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5ea61e3acbf61063d1336fd2/1624895513090-EUV2KDZZ0W0N9EZ9ONSO/Untitled%2Bdesign.jpg Leen Magarbeh - Pharmacogenetics of Opioid Overdose Pharmacogenetics of Opiod Overdose https://pgxrc.ca/jonathan-liu daily 0.75 2025-07-11 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5ea61e3acbf61063d1336fd2/1621619555673-KJZPKA4CBJCZLZ3BSMVA/Jonathan+Liu.jpg Jonathan Liu - Jonathan Liu, MSc, PhD Candidate PhD Candidate Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology | University of Toronto Jonathan is a PhD Student in the Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology at the University of Toronto. He is knowledgeable in hematology, immunology, and transfusion medicine where he studied transfusion-related acute lung injury in murine models. Jonathan also studied DNA damage and repair pathways in neurodegenerative diseases, specifically the effects of XPA KO neurons in UV-induced DNA damage response. His current research focuses on personalized medicine, the gut microbiome, and neuroscience. Jonathan is currently leading a new and exciting project investigating the role of the gut microbiome in mental disorders and metabolic dysfunction, with a focus in schizophrenia and antipsychotic-induced weight gain. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5ea61e3acbf61063d1336fd2/1605206757922-R2N33ZBJC28Q97OTAO0R/image-asset.jpeg Jonathan Liu - Antipsychotics and the Gut Microbiome Antipsychotic Response and the Gut Microbiome https://pgxrc.ca/victoria-marshe daily 0.75 2021-02-18 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5ea61e3acbf61063d1336fd2/1604607170454-PZA2N328IP94XSC6GNKN/victoria_circle-01.png Victoria Marshe - Victoria Marshe, HBSc PhD Candidate Institute of Medical Science | University of Toronto Fellow, Strategic Training for Advanced Genetic Epidemiology | CANSSI Victoria Marshe is a PhD candidate under the co-supervision of Drs. Daniel Mueller and Sidney Kennedy at the Institute of Medical Science and the Pharmacogenetics Research Clinic at the Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH). Her research focuses on understanding the genetic contributions to antidepressant non-remission in older adults with late-life depression, which is characterized by a pathophysiology associated with underlying cerebrovascular and neurodegenerative changes. Currently, Victoria is focusing on understanding the methodological opportunities and challenges for machine learning associated with the integration of genome-wide data from large-scale, epidemiological datasets and smaller, clinical-treatment cohorts. Follow Victoria on ResearchGate, LinkedIn, and Twitter! https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5ea61e3acbf61063d1336fd2/1605220773064-NML2AT88SZPHVDR3PMOU/image.jpg Victoria Marshe - Late-Life Depression Antidepressant Response in Adults https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5ea61e3acbf61063d1336fd2/1605220797519-4W8PPG66C1WVWUSV56MP/jj-ying-8bghKxNU1j0-unsplash-2.jpg Victoria Marshe - Predicting Response to Antidepressants Pharmacogenetics of Opiod Overdose https://pgxrc.ca/farhana-islam daily 0.75 2024-02-22 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5ea61e3acbf61063d1336fd2/1604607202588-9RO7GJTMMI8TEDNO0GY0/farhana_islam-01.png Farhana Islam - Farhana Islam, MSc PhD Candidate Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology | University of Toronto Farhana is a PhD Candidate at the Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology at the University of Toronto. Her research interests are in investigating multi-omic factors that contribute to and can be used for the prediction of antidepressant and antipsychotic treatment outcomes. She has expertise in statistics and R programming, with developing expertise in Python and machine learning. Follow Farhana on ResearchGate, Google Scholar, and LinkedIn! https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5ea61e3acbf61063d1336fd2/1605844028085-CRCP5BF6ZEMW2XPCE915/image.jpg Farhana Islam - Genomics of Antipsychotic Response https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5ea61e3acbf61063d1336fd2/1605221280626-EV9WQ01DFIB2WXSR7G2E/pawel-czerwinski-yUkcmOU07CQ-unsplash.jpg Farhana Islam - Medication Plasma Levels Pharmacogenetics of Opiod Overdose https://pgxrc.ca/late-life-depression daily 0.75 2025-07-11 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5ea61e3acbf61063d1336fd2/1605673994080-EEDE2GST93KGSMYGOVUN/fig1.jpg Late-Life Depression https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5ea61e3acbf61063d1336fd2/1605675611043-1MJ1WQSUENFRWOY1YF97/2020-05-12_IRL_manhattan.png Late-Life Depression https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5ea61e3acbf61063d1336fd2/1605675044775-1AGIULULG97235YR3PJV/fig1.PNG Late-Life Depression The sample included 350 adults age 60 or older with depression, and received open-label venlafaxine. Marshe et al. found that NET variant rs2242446 (T-182C) was significantly associated with remission (odds ratio=1.66, 95% CI=1.13, 2.42, Marshe et al., 2017). Individuals with the rs2242446 C/C genotype were more likely to remit (73.1%) than those with either the C/T (51.8%) or the T/T genotype (47.3%). Individuals with the C/C genotype also had a shorter time to remission than those with the C/T or T/T genotypes and had a greater percentage change in MADRS score from baseline to end of treatment (up to week 12). https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5ea61e3acbf61063d1336fd2/cea837e6-4ffa-4df1-8389-a39ed179866f/Leen+paper.jpg Late-Life Depression - Make it stand out Whatever it is, the way you tell your story online can make all the difference. https://pgxrc.ca/betsy-men daily 0.75 2025-07-09 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5ea61e3acbf61063d1336fd2/bb683a04-54be-426a-ae55-555d53693196/Betsy+profile.jpg Betsy Men - Xiaoyu (Betsy) Men, BSc PhD Candidate Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology | University of Toronto Betsy is a PhD candidate with the Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology at the University of Toronto. She joined the Pharmacogenetics Research Clinic at the Centre for Addiction and Mental Health in September 2020 under the supervision of Dr. Daniel Mueller. Her research interests include investigating the relationship between antidepressant pharmacokinetics and anti-depressant treatment responses using pharmacokinetic model, as well as predicting antidepressant responses in late-life depression using genomic approaches. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5ea61e3acbf61063d1336fd2/1605220773064-NML2AT88SZPHVDR3PMOU/image.jpg Betsy Men - Antidepressant Response in Late-Life Antidepressant Response in Adults https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5ea61e3acbf61063d1336fd2/1605221280626-EV9WQ01DFIB2WXSR7G2E/pawel-czerwinski-yUkcmOU07CQ-unsplash.jpg Betsy Men - Antidepressant Plasma Levels Pharmacogenetics of Opiod Overdose https://pgxrc.ca/lara-murphy daily 0.75 2020-11-20 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5ea61e3acbf61063d1336fd2/1605050339106-LJQ62O72IP5NY2U4G9KP/lara-01.png Lara Murphy - Lara Murphy, HBSc Undergraduate Student Lara began working with the pharmacogenetics research team at CAMH under Dr. Mueller’s supervision in 2019, as part of the University of Toronto Institute of Medical Science's Summer Undergraduate Research Program. Since joining the team, she has supported various projects related to antidepressants and antipsychotics in the context of pharmacogenetics. Currently, Lara is co-leading a paper discussing considerations for the translation of pharmacogenetics consensus guidelines into antidepressant prescribing choices in clinical practice. She am also assisting with a systematic review and meta-analysis assessing the influence of the ABCB1 gene on antipsychotic response and side effects in patients with schizophrenia. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5ea61e3acbf61063d1336fd2/1605219400616-HISKIGO6FS7S45NT0BYX/image.jpg Lara Murphy - Antipsychotic-Induced Weight Gain Antidepressant Response in Adults https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5ea61e3acbf61063d1336fd2/1605221990485-30GBRG9MYR9S41AS9HR1/filling-medical-record-2.jpg Lara Murphy - Clinical Implementation of Pharmacogenetic Testing Pharmacogenetics of Opiod Overdose https://pgxrc.ca/genomics-of-antipsychotic-response daily 0.75 2025-07-11 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5ea61e3acbf61063d1336fd2/1605839357380-LYBNIC8PJ028AMLBK9Q9/fig3.PNG Genomics of Antipsychotic Response https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5ea61e3acbf61063d1336fd2/1605837657212-XI3NLF60Z29MYE80O4UI/fig6.PNG Genomics of Antipsychotic Response Figure 2. Association between CYP1A2 genotype and CLZ and NDMC plasma concentrations and CLZ/NDMC ratio by smoking status. * Mann Whitney U test p<0.05; ** Mann Whitney U test p<0.01 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5ea61e3acbf61063d1336fd2/1605839274905-INL83YYOTKSJJ32NWJ3P/fig1.PNG Genomics of Antipsychotic Response https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5ea61e3acbf61063d1336fd2/1605837536711-ODM9VZJQLL1ACCY3EI9Y/fig5.PNG Genomics of Antipsychotic Response Figure 1. Spearman correlations of CLZ/NDMC ratio with working memory performance in haplotype T-A non-carriers and carriers formed by CHRM1 SNPs rs2075748 and rs1942499. *p < 0.05 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5ea61e3acbf61063d1336fd2/1605837731342-QGCR657ENL0TF32X8NNJ/fig7.PNG Genomics of Antipsychotic Response Figure 4. Hypothesized model for the effect of CHRM1 haplotype T-A (rs2075748-rs1942499) on the association between CLZ/NDMC ratio and working memory https://pgxrc.ca/history-of-pharmacogenetics daily 0.75 2025-07-11 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5ea61e3acbf61063d1336fd2/1605668617832-JPLXW064WLHZRXWHF52V/fig2.PNG History of Pharmacogenetics Figure: Friedrich Vogel’s article “II. Moderne Probleme der Humangenetik,” which coined the term “pharmacogenetics” (1959). https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5ea61e3acbf61063d1336fd2/1605668446282-C2LTNRKFGAC2SL9TALSX/fig3.PNG History of Pharmacogenetics Figure: Werner Kalow’s book Pharmacogenetics: Heredity and the Response to Drugs (1962). https://pgxrc.ca/happy-new-year-2021 daily 0.75 2021-01-07 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5ea61e3acbf61063d1336fd2/1610052792921-Z5CV8284IEEFBAC49UMJ/2021+PGxRC+Holiday+Picture.jpg Happy New Year 2021 https://pgxrc.ca/knowledge-translation daily 0.75 2021-02-25 https://pgxrc.ca/samar-elsheikh daily 0.75 2025-07-09 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5ea61e3acbf61063d1336fd2/1620413102421-J13VHLWEMPJQGO9Y3K4F/samar-01-01.png Dr. Samar Elsheikh - Dr. Samar Elsheikh, PhD Postdoctoral Fellow Pharmacogenetics Research Clinic | CAMH Dr. Samar Elsheikh recently joined the Pharmacogenetics Research Clinic as a post-doctoral fellow. She completed her Ph.D. and a one-year post-doctoral fellowship (in bioinformatics) at the Computational Biology Group at the University of Cape Town, South Africa. During her Ph.D., she integrated a wide range of neuroimaging characteristics and multi-omic data to better understand their associations in the context of brain-related diseases. At CAMH, her research focus will be to understand and predict antidepressant remission in older adults with depression using demographic, clinical and genetic characteristics. Follow Dr. Elsheikh on ResearchGate, LinkedIn, and Twitter! https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5ea61e3acbf61063d1336fd2/1605220797519-4W8PPG66C1WVWUSV56MP/jj-ying-8bghKxNU1j0-unsplash-2.jpg Dr. Samar Elsheikh - Predicting Response to Antidepressants Pharmacogenetics of Opiod Overdose https://pgxrc.ca/participate daily 0.75 2024-06-24 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5ea61e3acbf61063d1336fd2/1626450946190-TLL7LW6OQMVV0P811O5C/CAMH+CANBIND+Online+Ad+%2811-Jun-2021%29.png Participate - Make it stand out Whatever it is, the way you tell your story online can make all the difference. https://pgxrc.ca/sauliha-alli daily 0.75 2021-06-22 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5ea61e3acbf61063d1336fd2/1624393429139-FOMTTU0T8FECMQVDLSC4/sauliha-01.png Sauliha Alli - Sauliha Alli, HBSc CREMS Summer Student Faculty of Medicine | University of Toronto Sauliha is a second-year medical student at the University of Toronto Temerty Faculty of Medicine and a Comprehensive Research Experience for Medical Students (CREMS) Summer Student at the Pharmacogenetics Research Clinic. She is currently investigating the therapeutic effects of probiotics on Major Depressive Disorder. Having worked at the Centre for Addiction and Mental Health since 2017, her other research interests include childhood trauma, aggression, and violence as it relates to patients with schizophrenia and suicidal attempts. Follow Sauliha on ResearchGate and LinkedIn! https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5ea61e3acbf61063d1336fd2/1624393677219-SJWZAMY41EHAMDX490X4/unsplash-image-PhaTJPdtaCU.jpg Sauliha Alli - Gut Microbiome & Probiotics Pharmacogenetics of Opiod Overdose https://pgxrc.ca/arthi-chinna-meyyappan daily 0.75 2021-06-23 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5ea61e3acbf61063d1336fd2/1624470317931-J95D15SE3LFHMAAGCWKJ/arth+chinna-meyyappan-upload-01.png Arthi Chinna-Meyyappan - Arthi Chinna-Meyyappan, MSc Doctoral Student Centre for Neuroscience Studies | Queen’s University Arthi Chinna-Meyyappan is a Doctoral student in Dr. Roumen Milev’s Lab with the Centre for Neuroscience Studies and Department of Psychiatry at Queen’s University and a Research Trainee in the Pharmacogenetics Research Clinic. In her Master’s, Arthi designed and completed an open-label study to investigate an oral microbial therapeutic efficacy on depression and anxiety at Providence Care Hospital in Kingston. Currently, Arthi is running a multi-site clinical trial at CAMH in Toronto and Providence Care in Kingston, looking at the efficacy of the microbial ecosystem therapeutic on symptoms of depression in comparison to a placebo alternative, otherwise known as the METDA study. In her six years in clinical research, Arthi has developed a particular interest in the fields of clinical neuroscience and psychiatry, particularly the effects of innovative treatments for mood and anxiety disorders. In her free time, Arthi enjoys painting, reading, and getting outside as much as she can! Follow Arthi on LinkedIn, Twitter, and Researchgate! https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5ea61e3acbf61063d1336fd2/1624393677219-SJWZAMY41EHAMDX490X4/unsplash-image-PhaTJPdtaCU.jpg Arthi Chinna-Meyyappan - Gut Microbiome & Probiotics Pharmacogenetics of Opiod Overdose https://pgxrc.ca/max-choi daily 0.75 2024-02-22 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5ea61e3acbf61063d1336fd2/8f92ef38-3939-4d95-8e99-24216066009e/IMG-2869.jpg Max Choi - Emytis Tavakoli, MD Clinical Fellow Dr. Emytis Tavakoli, a board-certified psychiatrist, earned her psychiatry specialty degree from the University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran, in 2014. She has contributed to several clinical trials addressing the optimization of psychotropic treatment for various psychiatric disorders and the application of measurement-based care in clinical settings. During her tenure as a clinician, educator, and researcher at the Iranian National Centre for Addiction Studies in Tehran, Iran, and Shariati Hospital in Karaj, Iran, between 2015 and 2019, she focused on improving treatment methods for addiction disorders. After relocating to Canada, she worked as a research fellow at the Ontario Shores Centre for Mental Health Sciences in 2020, focusing on the pharmacological treatment of behavioural and psychological symptoms of dementia. Currently, as a Clinical Fellow at the Pharmacogenetics Research Clinic at CAMH, Dr. Tavakoli specializes in pharmacotherapeutic interventions for mood and anxiety disorders, as well as pharmacogenetics. Her research aims to identify genetic factors predicting responses to psychotropic medications, particularly antidepressants, to optimize pharmacological treatments. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5ea61e3acbf61063d1336fd2/1625014407520-EXRKFJN8RG7Z5BIMNV3L/doctor-giving-medical-prescription.jpg Max Choi - Genomics of Antidepressant Response Pharmacogenetics of Opiod Overdose https://pgxrc.ca/happy-holidays-2021 daily 0.75 2021-12-20 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5ea61e3acbf61063d1336fd2/4909874b-02f5-427e-8b9a-12c33aa7a2f9/PGxRC+Holiday+Card.png Happy Holidays 2021 https://pgxrc.ca/lucy-li daily 0.75 2022-08-26 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5ea61e3acbf61063d1336fd2/15131e85-f462-4294-bf74-120e404dc447/lucy+profile-modified.png Lucy Li - Lucy Li, HBSc MSc Research Practicum Student Applied Clinical Pharmacology (ACP) | University of Toronto Lucy is a first-year MSc student in the course-based Applied Clinical Pharmacology program at the University of Toronto and a Summer Practicum Student at the Pharmacogenetics Research Clinic. Her project focuses on the pharmacogenetics of antipsychotic-induced weight gain and compiling the progress made on the current understanding of the relationship. In her spare time, you can find her tending to her rapidly growing plant collection, drawing, or playing with a dog! https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5ea61e3acbf61063d1336fd2/38abbc07-81ea-4321-a5f0-1ff72901d148/image.jpg Lucy Li - Antipsychotic-Induced Weight Gain Pharmacogenetics of Opiod Overdose